Leave of Absence (LOA)

What does LOA mean at work?

LOA stands for Leave of Absence — formal, approved time off from work where the employee keeps their job but pauses regular duties. An LOA can be paid or unpaid depending on the reason and the company policy.

Common reasons include serious illness, surgery, childbirth or adoption, caring for a sick family member, education, military service, or personal emergencies.

What are the types of leave of absence?

• Medical leave: Time off for illness, surgery, or recovery — often unpaid unless covered by short-term disability or paid sick policy.
• FMLA leave: In the US, eligible employees can take up to 12 weeks of unpaid, job-protected leave per year under the Family and Medical Leave Act.
• Maternity or paternity leave: Time off after the birth or adoption of a child.
• Personal leave: Used for family emergencies, bereavement, or personal matters not covered by other categories.
• Educational leave: Time off to study, attend a program, or finish a degree.
• Military leave: Job-protected time off for service members under USERRA in the US.

Is a leave of absence paid?

It depends on the type and the company. FMLA leave in the US is unpaid but protects the job. Medical leave may be partly paid through short-term disability. Parental leave varies by employer and country. Personal leave is usually unpaid.

How do you request a leave of absence?

• Check the policy: Review the company handbook or HR portal for eligibility and required notice.
• Submit a written request: Send a letter or form to your manager and HR stating the reason, start date, and expected return date.
• Provide documentation: Medical or legal LOAs usually require supporting paperwork such as a doctor's note or court order.
• Plan handover: Hand off active work to teammates before leaving.
• Confirm in writing: Get approval and the leave terms (pay status, benefits, return date) in writing.